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Branda da Castiglione〔Also Branda Castiglioni.〕 (Castiglione Olona, 4 February 1350 – Castiglione Olona, February〔The exact date 3/5 is variously reported.〕 1443) was an early Italian humanist, a papal diplomat and a Roman Catholic cardinal, or pseudo-Cardinal, as he was raised to the cardinalate by John XXIII, later declared an anti-pope. ==Early career== He was born to a Milanese noble family related to Goffredo Castiglioni, Pope Celestine IV.〔(Miranda, "Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church": Branda da Castiglione" )〕 Branda was the eldest son of Maffiolo da Castiglione and his wife Lucrezia Porro, of the family of the counts of Polenta .〔He had three brothers and a sister.〕 In 1374 he is documented as enrolled in the ''Collegio dei nobili Giureconsulti'' of Milan. He studied also at the recently founded University of Pavia, where he received a doctorate in civil and canon law in the academic year 1388/89 and then taught canon law at the University, supported by Galeazzo Visconti, Duke of Milan.〔Miranda.〕 In 1389 Gian Galeazzo Visconti sent him to Rome to the papal court of Boniface IX, entrusted with obtaining papal privileges for the University of Pavia, of authorization to teach theology and to enjoy the same conditions as the University of Bologna and that of Paris. Branda's abilities were quickly recognized in Rome. At the same time he was nominated to the position of ''auditore'' of the ''Collegio della Sacra Rota''. He served as chaplain to Boniface IX, who sent him as legate to Germany. In 1393 he was made archpriest of San Martino di Legnano Veronese and a canon at the city of Tortona; in 1398 he possessed six benefices in the archdiocese of Milan and others beyond it. In 1419 he was made abbot ''in commendam'' of Tre Fontane Abbey. In 1401 Bonifacio charged him with a mission to Cologne and Flanders as apostolic nuncio and in 1403 sent him to Hungary and Transylvania. In this sojourn he made a fast friendship with Sigismund of Luxemburg, King of Hungary, who was later Holy Roman Emperor. In August 1404 he was made bishop of Piacenza; under the unsettled conditions of the Western Schism the see was not automatically secure: he was deposed and replaced by Pope Gregory XII in 1409. In 1409 he attended the Council of Pisa, intended to put an end to the schism that was dividing the Catholic Church. The Council elected Pietro Filargo, archbishop of Milan, who sat briefly as Pope Alexander V and reinstated Branda and maintained him in the see of Piacenza.〔Miranda.〕 Alexander's successor Baldassare Cossa, elected Pope John XXIII, sent Branda as pontifical legate to Hungary. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Branda da Castiglione」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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